Module Process Cell Process Washing CVD/Sputtering Laser Milling 1 2 7 Backside Electrode Patterning Lead Wire Assembly Laminate & Seal Frame & Terminal Assembly 9 10 11 Laser Milling 3 Transparent Electrode Patterning Cell Transfer 8 Cell Transfer Thin Film Si Manufacturing Process Sealant Sealant Laser p-Layer i-Layer n-Layer Metal Lead wire Frame Glass Glass substrate Lead wire Terminal box Frame Terminal box Cable Laser Laser Laser Glass substrate Washes a glass substrate with pure water. Forms a transparent electrode film on the glass substrate. Assembles the lead wire. Places a glass substrate with sealant on top and hardens the sealant through curing. Fits an aluminum frame around the laminated and sealed module and installs a terminal box. A laser is used to cut the metallic backside electrode to form circuits. A laser is used to cut the transparent electrode film to form circuits. Cyclone pads vacuum-lift and transfer the cells. P.4 P.9 P.10 P.5 P.9 P.13 P.10 P.13 P.4 P.9 P.4 P.10 P.13 P.9 P.10 P.2 P.5 P.12 P.4 P.7 P.2 P.5 P.9 P.11 P.4 P.7 P.4 P.6 P.5 P.7 P.4 P.6 P.5 P.7 P.10 P.10 P.10 P.13 P.13 P.13 P.2 P.6 P.9 P.10 P.13 P.10 P.13 P.4 P.9 P.10 Vacuum-lift and transfer 1 Clean 1 Clean 1 Clean 3 Temperature control 3 Temperature control 3 Temperature control 3 Temperature control 3 Temperature control 9 Reduced wiring 9 Reduced wiring 9 Reduced wiring 9 Reduced wiring 9 Reduced wiring 9 Reduced wiring 9 Reduced wiring 9 Reduced wiring 2 Actuators 2 Actuators 2 Actuators 2 Actuators 2 Actuators 2 Actuators 2 Actuators 2 Actuators 7 Low vacuum 7 Low vacuum 7 Low vacuum 7 Low vacuum 7 Low vacuum 10 High vacuum 4 Heat resistant 4 Heat resistant 4 Heat resistant 6 Non-contact transfer 8 Static electricity 8 Static 6 electricity Non-contact transfer 11 Fluoropolymer 12 Sensors (Detection) 12 Sensors (Detection) 12 Sensors (Detection) 12 Sensors (Detection) 12 Sensors (Detection) 12 Sensors (Detection) 12 Sensors (Detection) 12 Sensors (Detection) 5 Corrosion resistant 5 Corrosion resistant 5 Corrosion resistant 5 Corrosion resistant Front matter 3