Crystalline Si Manufacturing Process Module Process Cell Process Wet Station 1 Washing 2 Bulk Bonding 3 Texture Formation Screen Printing Baking Cell Transfer 7 Electrode Formation 8 Hardening 9 Cell Transfer Cell Wiring (String) Lay Up Laminate & Seal 11 Electrical Wiring 12 Module Assembly 13 Glass Silver topside surface electrode Lead frame Solar cell Cell Sealant Glass Backing sheet 1 2 3 4 12 Silver electrode Anti-reflective coating n-Layer Aluminum backside surface electrode Sealant Backing sheet Sealant Glass Damaged layer Removes contaminants and stains from the surface of the Si substrate. Removes scratches (or damaged layers) from the surface of the Si substrate to form a smooth surface. Screen printing forms the electrodes on the surface of the top and backside. The silver electrode penetrates the antireflective coating and connects to the n-Layer. Cyclone pads vacuum-lift and transfer the cells. Aligns the cells and joins them in series with a lead frame. (String) Places sealant on a glass panel and aligns the stringed cells in parallel on top which are covered with sealent and a backing sheet. Applies heat and pressure under vacuum to create the semi-finished product. 3 Temperature control 3 Temperature control 1 Clean P.5 1 Clean 1 Clean P.2 2 Actuators 2 Actuators 2 Actuators 2 Actuators 2 Actuators 2 Actuators 2 Actuators P.4 5 Corrosion resistant P.7 11 Fluoropolymer P.12 P.2 6 Non-contact transfer 6 Non-contact transfer 6 Non-contact transfer 6 Non-contact P.9 transfer 8 Static electricity 8 Static electricity 8 Static electricity P.10 P.13 P.4 7 Low vacuum 7 Low vacuum 7 Low vacuum 7 Low vacuum 7 Low vacuum 7 Low vacuum P.9 P.4 P.9 P.12 4 Heat resistant P.6 P.9 P.13 P.2 4 Heat resistant P.6 P.9 P.10 P.13 P.4 P.9 P.10 P.4 P.9 P.10 P.5 P.9 P.13 P.4 P.10 P.13 P.9 P.10 P.10 P.4 P.9 P.13 P.10 P.10 12 Sensors (Detection) 12 Sensors (Detection) 12 Sensors (Detection) 12 Sensors (Detection) 12 Sensors (Detection) 12 Sensors (Detection) 12 Sensors (Detection) P.13 9 Reduced wiring 9 Reduced 9 wiring Reduced wiring 9 Reduced wiring 9 Reduced wiring 9 Reduced wiring 9 Reduced wiring P.10 Forms a micro rough surface to increase the light-receptive area, compared to flat surfaces. 11 Fluoropolymer Front matter 1